Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is when the red blood cells take on a crescent shape. Due to the shape of the cells, there is not enough oxygen circulating around the body. It happens when there is a change in one nucleotide during the DNA sequence. This change in the nucleotide eventually turns into one amino acid changing how hemoglobin proteins fold. This change in the amino acid then turns the change of shape in the red blood cell.
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis is when the lungs, pancreas, liver and intestines are filled with thick secretions due to an abnormal transport of chloride and sodium. This happens due to the deletion of the three CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) base pairs. The loss of these base pairs causes the loss of phenylalanine, a protein required to regulate the components of sweat, digestive juices, and mucus. It is also required to regulate the movement of chloride and sodium.
